Description
You might ask why ”commercial fit-out” and not simply ”interior fit-out”? Because all commercial premises are non-residential facilities used to carry out business activities to obtain a constant profit. Therefore the primary difference between commercial and residential fit-outs lies in their scale, purpose, and regulatory requirements.
Commercial fit-out refers to the process of transforming a raw or partially finished space into a functional and aesthetically pleasing business premise. This involves various construction and design activities to tailor the space to specific needs.
The commercial fit-out segment includes offices, shops, industrial enterprises, warehouses, entertainment complexes, hotels, etc.
All existing types of commercial premises can be divided into 5 large groups:
- office;
- production;
- trading;
- general purpose (catering establishments, hotels, restaurants, etc.).
Peculiarities of commercial fit-out
Of course, commercial premises fit out (compared to residential ones) has its peculiarities. Since such objects are primarily focused on making a profit, not only quality but also high speed of work plays a very important role here.
In addition, when preparing a project, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the space. Layout and design must accommodate specific business needs, such as workstations, storage, and customer flow.
For example, for the back office of a company, due to the constant presence of employees at their workplaces, the creation of comfortable working conditions is of primary importance. Then for the front office, where visitors come, presentability and temporary accommodation of clients are much more important.
The same applies to other types of commercial property. When designing stores, the flow of customers is of primary importance. But when fitting out cafes and restaurants – the need for competent organization of production and comfortable client areas. For the renovation of factories and warehouse facilities – functionality and practicality from the point of view of technologists and logisticians.
In any case, the project must comply with the standards established for the premises of the corresponding type.
But in all cases, commercial spaces experience heavy foot traffic and wear and tear, requiring durable materials and finishes that can withstand frequent cleaning and maintenance.
Types of commercial fit-out
During commercial fit-outs, work is carried out in two main directions:
- finishing, which may include flooring (including screeding, laying floor coverings, and installing skirting boards), installation of partitions, installation of doors, and suspended ceilings, painting and plastering work, etc.;
- installation or organization of engineering infrastructure, including power supply, ventilation, air conditioning, water supply, sewerage, access control and video surveillance, security alarms, fire safety systems, and structured cabling systems.
Feature of commercial fit-out
Commercial fit-out is not like apartment fit-out. And the difference lies in the scope of work and the investment of funds. To use the investment to the maximum, carefully think through the design project and a detailed fit-out plan.
When planning a commercial property fit-out, it is recommended you use the services of professionals. In this case, your activity will consist only of monitoring what is happening.
In general, the list of fit-outs in commercial real estate is as follows:
Removal of furniture and other equipment
Start by creating a detailed inventory of all furniture and equipment to be removed. De-fit large or bulky items like modular workstations and shelving units. Carefully pack and label disassembled parts to ensure easy reassembly. Securely wrap fragile items like glass and electronics to prevent damage during transport. If possible, dismantle electrical and plumbing connections to avoid potential hazards. Coordinate with a professional moving company or hire a team to handle the physical removal of heavy items. Ensure safe disposal or recycling of any unwanted or unusable items. Document the entire process for future reference and insurance purposes.
Demolition and dismantling of current finishings
Demolition and dismantling of current finishings in a commercial fit-out project require meticulous planning and execution. Begin by creating a detailed demolition plan, outlining the sequence of removal, safety protocols, and waste disposal strategies.
Secure all necessary permits and ensure compliance with local regulations. Protect the existing structure from damage during the process. Prioritize safety by providing proper personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers and implementing hazard control measures. Carefully dismantle fixtures, fittings, and partitions, salvaging reusable materials whenever possible. Efficiently manage waste disposal, segregating materials for recycling or proper disposal. Document the demolition process for future reference and potential insurance claims.
Redevelopment
Redevelopment in a commercial fit-out project, post-demolition, involves a meticulous process. It begins with a comprehensive site assessment to identify structural integrity, potential hazards, and existing utilities. The next step is to create a detailed design plan, outlining the new layout, finishes, and systems. Demolition debris is removed, and the space is cleaned thoroughly.
Structural modifications, if necessary, are carried out to accommodate the new design. New electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems are installed, ensuring compliance with building codes. Walls and ceilings are constructed, followed by flooring installation. Finally, the space is finished with paint, lighting, and other interior elements, transforming it into a functional and aesthetically pleasing environment.
Electrical installation
Start by consulting with a qualified electrician to assess your specific needs and local regulations. Create a detailed electrical plan, outlining power requirements, lighting layout, and data/communication needs. Obtain necessary permits and ensure compliance with safety standards.
Install a new distribution board to handle the power supply. Coordinate with other trades, such as carpentry and plumbing, to ensure efficient workflow. Install lighting fixtures, power outlets, and data points according to your plan. Conduct thorough testing and commissioning to verify functionality and safety. Consider energy-efficient solutions like LED lighting and smart controls. Regularly maintain the electrical system to prevent issues and ensure optimal performance.
Plumbing
Plumbing installation in a commercial fit-out project requires careful planning and execution. First, consult with a licensed plumber to design a layout that meets building codes and your specific needs.
Consider the placement of toilets, sinks, water heaters, and other fixtures. Next, obtain the necessary permits from local authorities. Once permits are secured, start with rough-in plumbing, which involves installing pipes and drains within walls and floors. Ensure proper pipe sizing and slope for efficient water flow and waste removal.
After rough-in, install fixtures and connect them to the plumbing system. Test all fixtures for leaks and proper function. Finally, conduct a final inspection with the local authority to ensure compliance with building codes and regulations. Remember, hiring skilled plumbers is crucial for a successful and code-compliant plumbing installation.
Leveling of all surfaces
Leveling surfaces in a commercial fit-out is crucial for a smooth and professional finish. Start by assessing the severity of unevenness. Minor imperfections can often be addressed with self-leveling compounds, while significant discrepancies may require screeding or raising the floor.
For self-leveling compounds, prepare the surface by cleaning and priming it. Apply the compound according to manufacturer instructions, ensuring even distribution. For screeding, use a screed board and a laser level to achieve a consistent level.
Raise floors using methods like overlaying with plywood or installing raised access floors. Remember to consider factors like load-bearing capacity and future maintenance when choosing a leveling method. Always wear appropriate safety gear and follow manufacturer guidelines for optimal results.
Installation of windows and doors
Door and window installation in a commercial fit-out requires precision and attention to detail. Start by ensuring the openings are correctly sized and prepped. Check for squareness and levelness. For doors, install the frame securely, ensuring it’s plumb and level. Hang the door, adjusting hinges for proper alignment. Install door hardware like handles and locks.
For windows, frame installation is crucial. Ensure it’s securely fixed and weatherproofed. Install the window sash, paying attention to alignment and operation. Seal the window to prevent air leaks and water ingress. Consider factors like energy efficiency, security, and fire safety when selecting doors and windows. Proper installation not only enhances the building’s aesthetics but also ensures optimal performance and durability.
Finishing of surfaces
Fine finishing of surfaces (the process of performing commercial fit-out directly depends on the nature of the premises: cafe, store, restaurant, bank, hotel, etc.).
The list of works during cosmetic renovations is much shorter. Superficial cosmetic renovations do not involve re-planning of premises, replacement of utility networks, installation of arches, podiums, openings, etc.
Each type of commercial fit-out has its nuances. Therefore, a well-designed project will help to significantly simplify the fit-out process.
Surface finishing is a crucial aspect of commercial fit-out projects. The choice of materials and techniques will depend on the specific requirements of the space, such as durability, aesthetics, and budget.
For walls, popular options include painting, wallpapering, and tiling. Painting is a versatile and cost-effective choice, allowing for a wide range of colors and finishes. Wallpapering can add texture and pattern to walls, and tiling is ideal for high-traffic and moisture-prone areas.
Flooring options include carpet, hardwood, laminate, vinyl, and tile. Carpets are comfortable and sound-absorbing, while hardwood and laminate offer a classic and elegant look. Vinyl is durable and water-resistant, making it suitable for kitchens and bathrooms. Tiles are a timeless option that can withstand heavy foot traffic and moisture.
For ceilings, popular options include acoustic tiles, drywall, and suspended ceilings. Drywall is a versatile material that can be painted or textured. Acoustic tiles are effective in reducing noise levels, while suspended ceilings provide easy access to utilities and can be used to conceal ductwork and wiring.
When selecting materials and finishes, consider factors such as durability, maintenance requirements, and fire safety regulations. It’s also important to hire skilled tradespeople to ensure that the work is done to a high standard. By carefully planning and executing the surface finishing process, you can create a beautiful and functional commercial space.
Requirements
The main requirement for repairs is to maintain a balance between the amount of investment and functionality. Any costs must be justified. At the same time, you should not forget about the individual requirements for objects of different types. For example:
- offices – compliance with sanitary standards, electrical wiring safety, environmentally friendly and wear-resistant materials, proper lighting, etc.;
- banks – maintaining corporate style, focusing on maximum security, creating comfortable conditions for employees to work and interact with clients;
- stores – competent zoning, proper technical equipment, rational design, etc.
Commercial fit-out takes into account work processes
The new space in your store must also be set up for work. That means a counter fit out to facilitate receiving and placing goods, shelves for storing products, and a reception desk providing services to your customers… Each work process must be considered in the fit-out design project for your store. The fit out of your business is a good time to optimize processes that are uncomfortable, slow, or expensive. In addition, many work processes involve the customer and the relationship with them: if the workers are comfortable in their workplace, the customer will appreciate it.
Imagine, for example, that in your fashion clothes store you make sewing alterations to the garments you sell. The fitting room area should serve to mark the garment to be altered; then you should store the garments in a space or closet or similar before taking them to be altered; finally, you should have an area or space to receive the already altered garments, waiting for the client to pick them up. It is a simple process, but if you do not consider it in the project it will make your work more uncomfortable.
Price
The final price of renovating a commercial space depends on many factors. The main ones are the total area and ceiling height, the level of finishing (quality of materials and equipment used), layout (the smaller the division into separate rooms, the more expensive the work will be), etc.